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Endothelin ET Receptor-Mediated Astrocytic Activation: Pathological Roles in Brain Disorders.
Int J Mol Sci
April 2021
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan.
In brain disorders, reactive astrocytes, which are characterized by hypertrophy of the cell body and proliferative properties, are commonly observed. As reactive astrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of several brain disorders, the control of astrocytic function has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy, and target molecules to effectively control astrocytic functions have been investigated. The production of brain endothelin-1 (ET-1), which increases in brain disorders, is involved in the pathophysiological response of the nervous system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMesenchymal stem cells instruct a beneficial phenotype in reactive astrocytes.
Glia
May 2021
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Transplanted mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) were found to improve conditions in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) by reducing inflammation and demyelination through interactions with immune and neural cells.
- MSC were shown to prevent harmful changes in astrocytes (a type of brain cell) related to MS, reducing inflammatory cytokines and promoting a healthier environment for recovery.
- The study suggests that MSC may enhance the ability of astrocytes to adopt stem cell-like properties, which could support healing and protection in the brain following injury.
Dual Roles of Astrocyte-Derived Factors in Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Brain Damage.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2019
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe 668-8558, Japan.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major functional barrier in the central nervous system (CNS), and inhibits the extravasation of intravascular contents and transports various essential nutrients between the blood and the brain. After brain damage by traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia and several other CNS disorders, the functions of the BBB are disrupted, resulting in severe secondary damage including brain edema and inflammatory injury. Therefore, BBB protection and recovery are considered novel therapeutic strategies for reducing brain damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributes to dementia associated with ischemic stroke by exaggerating astrocyte-derived amyloid secretion.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
October 2015
Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized by endothelial cells and astrocytes in stroke and in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Our transgenic mice with ET-1 overexpression in the endothelial cells (TET-1) showed more severe blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, neuronal apoptosis, and glial reactivity after 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) with 22-hour reperfusion and more severe cognitive deficits after 30 minutes tMCAO with 5 months reperfusion. However, the role of astrocytic ET-1 in contributing to poststroke cognitive deficits after tMCAO is largely unknown.
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