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Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis: prognostic implications.
Acta Radiol
January 2025
R Madhavan Nayar Center for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Background: The role of imaging in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) remains unclear, and there are limited data on the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose, treat, or prognosticate AIE.
Purpose: To evaluate whether MRI is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for AIE and assess its efficacy in distinguishing between various AIE subtypes.
Material And Methods: We analyzed data from 96 AIE patients from our prospective autoimmune registry.
LGI1 encephalitis manifesting as a delayed paraneoplastic response of squamous cell lung cancer on remission.
Oxf Med Case Reports
December 2024
Department of Neurology, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Heath Town, West Midlands, WV10 0QP, United Kingdom.
The leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis can occur alone or in the setting of a malignancy and manifest with faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), cognitive decline, hyponatremia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The importance of differentiating this entity from acute delirium cannot be overemphasized. This review provides a detailed account of a 71-year-old man with previous diagnosis of lung cancer who presented with subacute onset behavioural changes, urinary retention, and FBDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe limbic and extra-limbic encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65 antibodies: an observational study.
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China.
We aimed to define the clinical features and outcomes of encephalitis associated with anti-GAD65 Abs. In addition, we reviewed cases published in the literature with GAD65 encephalitis. We retrospectively studied 482 consecutive patients attending a tertiary care center for evaluation of an autoimmune neurological disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsy surgery for postinfectious lesions: A review.
Epilepsy Behav
January 2025
Neuropediatric Clinic and Clinic for Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schoen-Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Cerebral infections lead to structural focal epilepsy, especially in developing countries, where they increase the risk of unprovoked seizures and brain damage during acute phases.
- Despite many patients suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy post-infection, only a few are referred for surgery, though those with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) from early life infections are strong candidates for temporal resections.
- While surgeries for infections like herpes simplex virus encephalitis are often less successful due to extensive brain damage, removing MTS along with calcified lesions can significantly improve outcomes in selected patients.
Distinguishing seizures in autoimmune limbic encephalitis from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clues of a temporal plus network.
J Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Human Neurosciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Objective: Diagnosing autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) in adults with new-onset seizures can be challenging, especially when seizures represent the predominant manifestation and MRI findings are not straightforward. By comparison with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), this study aimed to identify ictal electro-clinical features that might help clinicians recognize ALE-related seizures.
Methods: This retrospective, multi-centre study analysed the ictal semiology and EEG correlate of 116 video-EEG-captured seizures in 40 ALE patients and 45 ones recorded in 21 MTLE-HS subjects.
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