Protease-activated receptor 2 contributes to Toxoplasma gondii-mediated gut inflammation.

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread intracellular parasite, which naturally enters the organism via the oral route and crosses the intestinal barrier to disseminate. In addition to neuronal and ocular pathologies, this pathogen also causes gut inflammation in a number of animals. This infection-triggered inflammation has been extensively studied in the C57BL/6 mice, highlighting the importance of the immune cells and their mediators in the development of gut pathology. However, despite their importance in inflammation, the role of protease-activated receptors (PAR) was never reported in the context of T.gondii-mediated small intestine inflammation. Using genetically modified mice, we show that PAR plays a pathogenic role in the development of gut inflammatory lesions. We find that PAR controls the innate inflammatory mediators IL-6, KC/CXCL1, PGE as well as neutrophil infiltration in T. gondii-triggered gut damage. These results bring new knowledge on the mechanisms operating in the gut in response to T. gondii infection.