One hundred sixteen cycles of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) treatment for ovulation induction were studied. The ovarian response to hMG treatment was monitored by the daily determination of serum estradiol (E2) or by daily serum E2 and repeated ultrasonic examination of the ovaries. There were more follicles 18 mm in diameter or larger at the time of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in the pregnancy than in the non-pregnancy cycles, and in the hyperstimulated than in the nonhyperstimulated cycles. The ovulatory rate and the pregnancy rate per cycle did not improve with the use of ultrasound. The number of treatment cycles required to achieve pregnancy was less in patients who had ultrasonic examination of the ovarian follicles. These results suggest that ultrasonic examination of the ovarian follicle helps to reduce the number of hMG cycles required to achieve pregnancy. The development of multiple follicles results in more pregnancies. However, the use of ultrasound does not improve the pregnancy rate.
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