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In vivo calcium imaging in freely moving rats using miniscopes provides valuable information about the neural mechanisms of behavior in real time. A gradient index (GRIN) lens can be implanted in deep brain structures to relay activity from single neurons. While such procedures have been successful in mice, few reports provide detailed procedures for successful surgery and long-term imaging in rats, which are better suited for studying complex human behaviors.
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East China Normal University, Dept. of Chemistry, Dongchuan Road 500, 200062, Shanghai, CHINA.
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK7 6AA, UK.
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