Transfusion-related acute lung injury following PDA ligation in a preterm neonate.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening complication of blood product transfusion characterized by sudden onset hypoxemic respiratory failure with bilateral lung infiltrates and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema developing within 6 hours of transfusion. It is believed to be under-recognized, particularly among preterm neonates in whom co-existing developmental lung disease adds diagnostic complexity. Here we report the case of a preterm neonate who developed TRALI during a blood transfusion following PDA ligation.