Dissection of the descending aorta is a serious and potentially lethal event. Treatment options consist of medical therapy, open surgical replacement of the affected aorta and thoracic endovascular repair. In acute cases, medical treatment is started initially. When complicated, endovascular repair is generally considered as first choice treatment, except for connective tissue disorders where open surgery remains the standard. In stable, uncomplicated patients with risk factors for future aortic growth pre-emptive endovascular repair should be considered in the sub-acute phase of the dissection. The treatment strategy in chronic dissections is somewhat debated. Long-term results and aortic remodeling of endovascular repair are disappointing and open surgery remains the standard.
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