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Genome-wide profiling of humoral immunity and pathogen genes under selection identifies immune evasion tactics of Chlamydia trachomatis during ocular infection. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigates how Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infections in children decrease with age, indicating potential partial immunity, but emphasizes a lack of clear immunity markers in humans.
  • - Researchers screened blood samples from Gambian children and analyzed genetic data from ocular Ct isolates in Guinea-Bissau to identify immune response patterns and pathogen evasion strategies.
  • - Findings reveal that children with frequent infections have a less targeted antibody response to specific antigens, suggesting Ct may use irrelevant antigens to confuse the immune system; focusing the immune response, possibly through vaccination, could enhance protection against the infection.

Article Abstract

The frequency and duration of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) ocular infections decrease with age, suggesting development of partial immunity. However, there is a lack of clear correlates of immunity to Ct infection in humans. We screened sera from a cohort of Gambian children followed for six-months against a Ct-proteome microarray. At genome sequence level, we detected signatures of selection from a population of ocular Ct isolates from Guinea-Bissau. Together these approaches allowed us to highlight the focus of humoral responses and hypothesise new modes of pathogen immune evasion. Children who were susceptible to frequent and/or prolonged Ct infection had a less focussed antibody response, including preferential recognition of forty-two antigens. There was evidence of positive and purifying selection across the genome, but little balancing selection. In contrast, most antigens that were associated with susceptibility were under neutral selection. These data suggest an evasion strategy in which Ct presents a large panel of irrelevant antigens to the immune system to block or misdirect protective responses. Development of a focused immune response, possibly induced through vaccination, may be an effective strategy to promote protection to Ct infection.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5575166PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09193-2DOI Listing

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