From 1st January 2017 higenamine was added on the WADA (World Anti-doping Agency) Prohibited list under S3 group beta-2 agonists as at all times banned substance for the athletes. The main origine of higenamine (or norcoclaurine) are different plants including Nandina domestica, Aconitum carmichaelii, Asarum heterotropioides, Galium divaricatum, Annona squamosa, Nelumbo nucifera etc. Higenamine main use is related to weight loss and it could be found (un)labeled in different dietary supplements. The objective of this study was development of sensitive and reliable UHPLC/MS/MS method for determination of higenamine in various dietary supplement samples. In order to obtain high method sensitivity, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode was applied. Separation was carried out on UHPLC Acquity BEH HILIC analytical column (2.1mm×100mm, 1.7μm particle size). Mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, respectively, was mixed in ratio of 30:70, v/v. Flow rate was set at 0.2mLmin. Quercetin was used as an internal standard. ESI (+) source ionization mode using multi reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was utilized and three ion transitions of higenamine were followed 272.08→107.01, 272.08→161.07 and 272.08→77.08. Developed method was fully validated and applied for identification and quantification of higenamine in different dietary supplements. According to the results, the most of investigated supplements were free of higenamine, and on the other hand, presence of higenamine was confirmed in some samples while it was not declared on the label.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.017 | DOI Listing |
J Pharm Biomed Anal
March 2025
Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, PR China. Electronic address:
Higenamine (HG), a naturally occurring benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, has been revealed a variety of biological activities and is extensively utilized in dietary supplements. Currently, HG is under investigation in phase I clinical trials, however, the liver metabolism of HG has so far not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify reactive metabolites of HG using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
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December 2023
Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Higenamine is prohibited in sports as a β -agonist by the World Anti-Doping Agency. As a key component of a great variety of plants, including the Annonaceae family, one aim of this research project was to evaluate whether the ingestion of Annona fruit could lead to higenamine adverse analytical findings. Single-dose administration studies including three Annona species (i.
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August 2023
Banned Substances Control Group (BSCG), Los Angeles, California, USA.
The first nootropic prohibited in sport was fonturacetam (4-phenylpiracetam, carphedon) in 1998. Presented here 25 years later is a broad-scale consideration of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, regulations, and doping potential of nootropics viewed through a lens of 50 selected dietary supplements (DS) marketed as "cognitive enhancement," "brain health," "brain boosters," or "nootropics," with a focus on unauthorized ingredients. Nootropic DS have risen to prominence over the last decade often as multicomponent formulations of bioactive ingredients presenting compelling pharmacological questions and potential public health concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int
January 2023
Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296 - Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:
Members of the genus Aconitum have been used for millennia, both as poisons and medicines, in Eastern culture. Higenamine has non-selective beta-agonist effects, activating both β and β adrenoreceptors, and is present in a variety of plants. The World Anti-Doping Agency has banned Higenamine both in competition and out of competition.
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February 2023
LGC Ltd Fordham, Ely, UK.
Higenamine is an alkaloid found within plant species including some that are used in traditional Asian and Chinese herbal medicines. Identified as having mixed mode adrenergic receptor activity, higenamine is present within some nutritional supplements marketed for stimulant and/or weight loss. Its inclusion within nutritional supplements can be via its natural presence within botanical ingredients or as a synthetic additive, often added in mg amounts.
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