The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that is vital in regulating several signalling pathways. Unlike most organelles cilia are open to the rest of the cell, not enclosed by membranes. The distinct protein composition is crucial to the function of cilia and many signalling proteins and receptors are specifically concentrated within distinct compartments. To maintain this composition, a mechanism is required to deliver proteins to the cilium whilst another must counter the entropic tendency of proteins to distribute throughout the cell. The combination of the two mechanisms should result in the concentration of ciliary proteins to the cilium. In this review we will look at different cellular mechanisms that play a role in maintaining the distinct composition of cilia, including regulation of ciliary access and trafficking of ciliary proteins to, from and within the cilium.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2017-0168 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The Primary Cilia are Associated with the Axon Initial Segment in Neurons.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
The primary cilia serve as pivotal mediators of environmental signals and play crucial roles in neuronal responses. Disruption of ciliary function has been implicated in neuronal circuit disorders and aberrant neuronal excitability. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCounterregulatory roles of GLI2 and GLI3 in osteogenic differentiation via Gli1 expression.
J Cell Sci
January 2025
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
The GLI1/GLI2/GLI3 transcription factors mediate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which is crucial for bone development. During intramembranous ossification, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directly differentiated into osteoblasts. Under basal and Hh pathway-stimulated conditions, primary cilia play essential roles in proteolytic processing of GLI3 to its repressor form (GLI3R), and in activation of GLI2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdopting GPR75 in treating obesity: unraveling the knowns and unknowns of this orphan GPCR.
Trends Cell Biol
January 2025
Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Electronic address:
G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) is emerging as a promising target for obesity treatment, but its exact role in energy regulation remains unclear. This article explores the latest research on GPR75's molecular function, potential ligands, and therapeutic challenges in addressing obesity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphogen-induced kinase condensates transduce Hh signal by allosterically activating Gli.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen governs embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through the Ci/Gli family transcription factors. Here we report that Hh induces phase separation of the fused (Fu)/Ulk family kinases to allosterically regulate Ci/Gli. We find that Hh-induced phosphorylation of Fu/Ulk3 promotes SUMOylation of their inverted phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation motifs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValosin-containing protein p97 extracts capping protein CP110 from the mother centriole to promote ciliogenesis.
Mol Biol Cell
January 2025
Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198.
The primary cilium is a crucial signaling organelle that can be generated by most human cells, and impediments to primary ciliogenesis lead to a variety of developmental disorders known as ciliopathies. The removal of the capping protein, CP110, from the mother centriole is a crucial early step that promotes generation of the ciliary vesicle and ciliogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that CP110 undergoes polyubiquitination and degradation in the proteosome, but the mechanisms of unfolding and removal from the mother centriole remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!