Background And Aims: The symptoms of pain and depression often present concomitantly, but little is known as to how the different subtypes of depression affect surgical outcome. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in outcome after lumbar spine surgery between non-depressed patients and patients with different subtypes of depressive symptoms: non-melancholic (NmDS) and melancholic depression (MDS).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional postal survey. A self-made questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Oswestery Low Back Disability Questionnaire (ODI) were sent to patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery in the Oulu University Hospital between June, 2005 and May, 2008. BDI≥10 were further classified into NmDS or MDS.
Results: A total of 537 patients (66%) completed the survey. Of these, 361 (67%) underwent disc surgery, 85 (16%) stabilizing surgery and 91 (17%) decompression. Participants were divided into three groups: BDI<10 N=324 (60%), NmDS N=153 (29%) and MDS N=60 (11%). The mean ODI (SD) in the BDI<10 group was 16 (15), in the NmDS group 36 (15), and in the MDS group 41 (18) (p<0.001). The ODI profiles were different between the groups (p<0.001). Pain was more frequent in depressive patients (88% of MDS, 81% in NmDS and 40% in BDI<10 patients experienced pain, p<0.001). The intensity of pain and pain-related disability was lowest among the patients in the BDI<10 group and highest among the MDS patients. Regular pain medication was used by 87% of patients in the MDS group, 93% of patients in the NmDS group, and 71% of patients in the BDI<10 group (p<0.001). Response to pain medication with NRS (0-10) was 5.6 among MDS, 5.8 among NmDS and 6.5 among BDI<10 patients (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Different types of depressive symptoms are associated with poor outcome after lumbar spine surgery. The outcome was worst in patients suffering from the MDS subtype. This was observed in pain intensity, functional disability and response to pain medication.
Implication: It would be important to evaluate depression pre- and postoperatively. Offering a tailored rehabilitation programme to MDS patients should be considered.
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