In view of biopharmaceutical limitations of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Trojan-type mucoadhesive systems were proposed, aiming to improve HCTZ pharmacological properties by modulating its release. Nanoemulsions were formed spontaneously by combining medium-chain triglycerides (Lipoid S75 and Pluronic F68) and high encapsulation efficiency was obtained. The mucoadhesive properties were provided by chitosan and microencapsulation of nanoemulsions in spray-dryer was successfully achieved by using Aerosil as wall material. The rapid redispersion of nanoemulsion in simulated fluids led to a fast and complete release of HCTZ in gastric medium. The pharmacodynamics of HCTZ was improved, extending the diuretic activity. Once a simple and low-energy method contributed to obtain stable mucoadhesive nanoemulsions, advantages in terms of production could also be achieved, allowing easy scaling up. This novel mucoadhesive Trojan particulate system of HCTZ showed to be a promising approach to overcome limitations in terms of absorption and consequently improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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