Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Retinal Detachment after Pediatric Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To report the incidence of, and to estimate the long-term risk and predisposing factors and the surgical outcomes for, retinal detachment (RD) after pediatric cataract surgery.

Design: Retrospective consecutive interventional case series.

Participants: During the study period 1996 to 2007 at a tertiary eye care institute, 481 eyes of 295 children aged below 16 years with no other ocular and systemic anomalies who underwent lensectomy, posterior capsulorrhexis, and anterior vitrectomy combined with primary intraocular lens implantation were included. The median follow-up was 66 months.

Methods: Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used for estimating cumulative risk and hazard ratio (HR), respectively. Difference between measured preoperative axial length and age-matched mean axial length (prior studies) was calculated, and was defined as age-adjusted axial length difference (ALD) (minus and plus denotes myopia and hypermetropia, respectively).

Main Outcome Measures: Cumulative risk and potential risk factors for RD.

Results: Of the total, 12 eyes of 9 children developed RD after cataract surgery, with a median time of 70 months. The overall risk of RD was 5.5% at 10 years after cataract surgery. All 9 children were male. The multi-adjusted HR associated with increased risk of RD was 12.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91-53.01; P = 0.001) for eyes of children with intellectual disability and 21.93 (95% CI, 2.95-162.80; P = 0.003) for eyes of children with age-adjusted ALD < -1 mm (myopic). Retinal break associated with induction of posterior vitreous detachment was the most common (8 eyes) cause of RD. No surgical intervention was done in 2 eyes. Scleral buckle and vitrectomy combined with belt buckle were performed in 4 and 6 eyes, respectively. At final follow-up, 5 and 9 eyes had a visual acuity better than or equal to 6/18 and 6/60, respectively.

Conclusions: A 5.5% risk for RD is estimated for the first 10 years after cataract surgery in children with no known ocular and systemic anomalies. The risk significantly increases in a male, myopic, and intellectual disabled child. We emphasize the need for regular and long-term follow-up after pediatric cataract surgery.