Transglutaminase 2 in human diseases.

Biomedicine (Taipei)

Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.

Published: September 2017

AI Article Synopsis

  • Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme that modifies proteins in a calcium-dependent manner and also functions as a G protein for certain receptors.
  • TG2 is found in nearly all cell types and can be present on cell surfaces as well as secreted into the extracellular matrix.
  • It is linked to various diseases, including inflammation and cancer, suggesting that targeting TG2's activities could offer potential therapeutic benefits.

Article Abstract

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an inducible transamidating acyltransferase that catalyzes Ca(2+)-dependent protein modifications. In addition to being an enzyme, TG2 also serves as a G protein for several seven transmembrane receptors and acts as a co-receptor for integrin β1 and β3 integrins distinguishing it from other members of the transglutaminase family. TG2 is ubiquitously expressed in almost all cell types and all cell compartments, and is also present on the cell surface and gets secreted to the extracellular matrix via non-classical mechanisms. TG2 has been associated with various human diseases including inflammation, cancer, fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, celiac disease in which it plays either a protective role, or contributes to the pathogenesis. Thus modulating the biological activities of TG2 in these diseases will have a therapeutic value.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5571667PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2017070315DOI Listing

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