Investigations into the pharmacology of different types of cys-loop GABA receptor have relied for years on the chemical modification of GABA-like compounds. The GABA metabolite GABOB is an attractive molecule to modify due to its convenient chemical structure. In the process of developing new GABA-mimic compounds from GABOB as a starting compound three small molecule GABA derivatives were synthesized using a variety of chemical transformations. Amongst these, a new and reliable method to synthesize TACA (trans-4-aminocrotonic acid) is reported.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.050 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France.
Staining brain slices with acetoxymethyl ester (AM) Ca dyes is a straightforward procedure to load multiple cells, and Fluo-4 is a commonly used high-affinity indicator due to its very large dynamic range. It has been shown that this dye preferentially stains glial cells, providing slow and large Ca transients, but it is questionable whether and at which temporal resolution it can also report Ca transients from neuronal cells. Here, by electrically stimulating mouse hippocampal slices, we resolved fast neuronal signals corresponding to 1%-3% maximal fluorescence changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroimaging
January 2025
Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background And Purpose: This study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in translocator protein (TSPO) following stroke in different brain regions and potential associations with chronic brain infarction.
Methods: Twelve patients underwent SPECT using the TSPO tracer 6-Chloro-2-(4'-123I-Iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-Diethyl)-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-Acetamide, as well as structural MRI, at 10, 41, and 128 days (median) after ischemic infarction in the middle cerebral artery. TSPO expression was measured in lesional (MRI lesion and SPECT lesion), connected (pons and ipsilesional thalamus), and nonconnected (ipsilesional cerebellum and contralesional occipital cortex) regions.
Acta Physiol (Oxf)
February 2025
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Aim: Somatostatin from pancreatic δ-cells is a paracrine regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion, but the release kinetics and whether secretion is altered in diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to improve understanding of somatostatin secretion by developing a tool for real-time detection of somatostatin release from individual pancreatic islets.
Methods: Reporter cells responding to somatostatin with cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]) changes were generated by co-expressing somatostatin receptor SSTR2, the G-protein Gα15 and a fluorescent Ca sensor in HeLa cells.
Conditioned suppression is a useful paradigm for measuring learned avoidance. In most conditioned suppression studies, forward conditioning is used where a cue predicts an aversive stimulus. However, backward conditioning, in which an aversive stimulus predicts a cue, provides unique insights into learned avoidance due to its influence on both conditioned excitation and inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe medial habenula (MHb)-interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) pathway plays an important role in information transferring between the forebrain and the midbrain. The MHb-IPN pathway has been implicated in the regulation of fear behavior and nicotine addiction. The synapses between the ventral MHb and the IPN show a unique property, i.
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