At least three species, , and , are used in various traditional medicinal systems for different therapeutic purposes. The plant names "" and "" are often used as synonyms, which causes confusion in literature and implies that several studies may be based on improperly identified plant material. To avoid further confusion, the current status of the identification of these three species is illustrated. Characteristics for their unequivocal identification are presented using stereo and light microscopy as well as HPTLC.The establishment of the species-specific anatomical, morphological, and phytochemical characters was based on reference specimens in comparison with wild collected or commercially obtained material. Morphologically, the species differed in shape and length ratio of the upper and lower lip of the corolla. Differentiating anatomical characters involve the presence, density, and dimension of trichomes on different organs. Detailed anatomical descriptions of the leaves and corollae of and are given and compared to . These three sets of characters facilitate fast and reliable identification. Complementary HPTLC fingerprints show type-specific patterns that allow the differentiation of from the other two species. For the distinction of and , flower morphology has to be considered.The presented data contribute to the quality control of the three species and additionally meet a definite and timely need regarding the introduction of to the European Pharmacopoeia in addition to the already existing monograph of .

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118034DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

three species
12
species
6
three
5
microscopic phytochemical
4
phytochemical comparison
4
comparison three
4
three leonurus
4
leonurus species
4
species l cardiaca
4
l cardiaca l japonicus
4

Similar Publications

Persistent, Private and Mobile genes: a model for gene dynamics in evolving pangenomes.

Mol Biol Evol

January 2025

Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.

The pangenome of a species is the set of all genes carried by at least one member of the species. In bacteria, pangenomes can be much larger than the set of genes carried by a single organism. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the evolutionary forces shaping the patterns of presence/absence of genes in pangenomes of a given species.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Environment and management jointly shape the spatial patterns of plant species diversity of moist grasslands in the mountains of northeastern Yunnan.

Plant Divers

November 2024

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Grasslands account for about a quarter of the Earth's land area and are one of the major terrestrial ecosystems, with significant ecological and economic values. The influence of environmental factors and management types on grassland biodiversity has garnered considerable attention. This study investigated how patterns of species richness are influenced by geographical distance, environmental gradients, and management type in the moist mountain grasslands of northeastern Yunnan, China.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Geographic patterns and climatic drivers of the mean genus age of liverworts in North America.

Plant Divers

November 2024

Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland.

Phylogenetic niche conservatism posits that species tend to retain ancestral ecological traits and distributions, which has been broadly tested for lineages originating in tropical climates but has been rarely tested for lineages that originated and diversified in temperate climates. Liverworts are thought to originate in temperate climates. Mean lineage age reflects evolutionary history of biological communities.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot for ferns: Updated phylogeny, hidden diversity, and biogeography of the java fern genus (Polypodiaceae).

Plant Divers

November 2024

CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.

The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including that of vascular plants. However, the fern diversity and its endemism in this hotspot have not been well understood and so far, the diversity of very few groups of ferns in this region has been explored using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Here, we updated the plastid phylogeny of the Java fern genus with 226 (115% increase of the latest sampling) samples across the distribution range, specifically those of three phylogenetically significant species, , .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Phylogenomics, reticulation, and biogeographical history of Elaeagnaceae.

Plant Divers

November 2024

Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.

The angiosperm family Elaeagnaceae comprises three genera and . 100 species distributed mainly in Eurasia and North America. Little family-wide phylogenetic and biogeographic research on Elaeagnaceae has been conducted, limiting the application and preservation of natural genetic resources.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!