Background: Medication errors are common among nursing students. Nonetheless, these errors are often underreported.
Objectives: To examine factors related to nursing students' intention to report medication errors, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, and to examine whether the theory is useful in predicting students' intention to report errors.
Design: This study has a descriptive cross-sectional design.
Settings: Study population was recruited in a university and a large nursing school in central and northern Israel.
Participants: A convenience sample of 250 nursing students took part in the study.
Methods: The students completed a self-report questionnaire, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Results: The findings indicate that students' intention to report medication errors was high. The Theory of Planned Behavior constructs explained 38% of variance in students' intention to report medication errors. The constructs of behavioral beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were found as affecting this intention, while the most significant factor was behavioral beliefs. The findings also reveal that students' fear of the reaction to disclosure of the error from superiors and colleagues may impede them from reporting the error.
Conclusions: Understanding factors related to reporting medication errors is crucial to designing interventions that foster error reporting.
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About the Authors Dawna Rutherford, PhD, RN, adjunct clinical instructor, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, is with Staff Nurse/Traveler RN Network, Nome, Alaska. Gordon Lee Gillespie, PhD, DNP, RN, was professor, College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, when this study was conducted. He is currently chief program officer, National League for Nursing. Scott Bresler, PhD, was clinical director, Division of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, when this study was conducted. Kimberly Johnson, PhD, RN, CEN, and Carolyn R. Smith, PhD, RN, CNE, are associate professors, College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati. This study was funded by an award to Dr. Rutherford from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the Pilot Research Project Training Program of the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center Grant #T42OH008432. For more information, contact Dr. Gillespie at
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