Perspectives on the conceptualization of the dissociative subtype of PTSD and implications for treatment.

A dissociative subtype of PTSD was added to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to denote a distinct presentation of PTSD marked by symptoms of derealization and depersonalization. The subtype has brought renewed interest in the conceptualization of dissociation in PTSD, and raised questions about its treatment. We review the evidence for two models of PTSD-related dissociative symptoms and the treatment approaches that align with each. We find support for the contributions of biologically-based trait-level factors to dissociation, and suggest that empirically supported treatments for PTSD demonstrate efficacy for patients with the subtype.