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An artificial insurance framework for a hydrogen-based microgrid to detect the advanced cyberattack model.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Khuzestan Water & Power Authority (KWPA), Ahvaz, Iran.
Microgrid systems have evolved based on renewable energies including wind, solar, and hydrogen to make the satisfaction of loads far from the main grid more flexible and controllable using both island- and grid-connected modes. Albeit microgrids can gain beneficial results in cost and energy schedules once operating in grid-connected mode, such systems are vulnerable to malicious attacks from the viewpoint of cybersecurity. With this in mind, this paper explores a novel advanced attack model named the false transferred data injection (FTDI) attack aiming to manipulatively alter the power flowing from the microgrid to the upstream grid to raise voltage usability probability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology and Negative Molecular Profile: Prevalence of Malignancy and Practice Paradigms for Surveillance.
Thyroid
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
In the era of molecular testing, thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology are increasingly being managed nonoperatively. The false-negative rates of these molecular tests, and therefore missed malignancies, are not well defined in real-world clinical practice. This retrospective study of patients undergoing fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy at our health system between November 2017 and March 2022 included nodules with The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) III and IV cytology and negative, currently negative, or negative but limited ThyroSeq version 3 (TSv3) results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attack detection in SDN using Optimizer-equipped CNN-MLP.
PLoS One
January 2025
Faculty of Informatics and Computing, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Software-Defined Networks (SDN) provides more control and network operation over a network infrastructure as an emerging and revolutionary paradigm in networking. Operating the many network applications and preserving the network services and functions, the SDN controller is regarded as the operating system of the SDN-based network architecture. The SDN has several security problems because of its intricate design, even with all its amazing features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo adjust, or not to adjust, for multiple comparisons.
J Clin Epidemiol
January 2025
Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. Electronic address:
Questions often arise concerning when, whether and how we should adjust our interpretation of the results from multiple hypothesis tests. Strong arguments have been put forward in the epidemiological literature against any correction or adjustment for multiplicity, but regulatory requirements (particularly for pharmaceutical trials) can sometimes trump other concerns. The formal basis for adjustment is often the control of error rates, and hence the problems of multiplicity may seem rooted in a purely frequentist paradigm, though this can be a restrictive viewpoint.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensitivity of Functional Arterial Spin Labelling in Detecting Cerebral Blood Flow Changes.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. ASL techniques can quantitatively measure cerebral perfusion by fitting a kinetic model to the difference between labelled images (tag images) and ones which are acquired without labelling (control images). ASL functional MRI (fMRI) provides quantitative perfusion maps by using arterial water as an endogenous tracer instead of depending on vascular blood oxygenation level.
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