At high magnetic fields the conductance of graphene is governed by the half-integer quantum Hall effect. By local electrostatic gating a p-n junction perpendicular to the graphene edges can be formed, along which quantum Hall channels copropagate. It has been predicted by Tworzidło and co-workers that if only the lowest Landau level is filled on both sides of the junction, the conductance is determined by the valley (isospin) polarization at the edges and by the width of the flake. This effect remained hidden so far due to scattering between the channels copropagating along the p-n interface (equilibration). Here we investigate p-n junctions in encapsulated graphene with a movable p-n interface with which we are able to probe the edge-configuration of graphene flakes. We observe large quantum conductance oscillations on the order of e/h which solely depend on the p-n junction position providing the first signature of isospin-defined conductance. Our experiments are underlined by quantum transport calculations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01964 | DOI Listing |
Accid Anal Prev
January 2025
School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, PR China; Institute on Internet of Mobility, Southeast University and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, PR China.
Traffic signals, while reducing conflicts within intersections, often lead to stop-and-go behaviors in approaching vehicles, negatively impacting traffic flow in terms of safety, efficiency, and fuel consumption. Aimed at minimizing the traffic oscillations caused by traffic signals through Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and meeting real-time operational needs, this paper proposes a Risk-Based Adaptive Cruise Control (RACC). RACC designs the constraints of approaching a signalized intersection as expected risks, enabling compliance with all constraints while being adaptable to basic road scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
January 2025
Unitat de Trastorns Cognitius, Cognition and Behavior Study Group, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Introduction: Changes in sleep physiology can predate cognitive symptoms by decades in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unclear which sleep characteristics predict cognitive and neurodegenerative changes after AD onset.
Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort of mild to moderate AD (n = 60), we analyzed non-rapid eye movement sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) at baseline and their associations with baseline amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau and with cognition from baseline to 3-year follow-up.
Results: Higher spindle and SO activity predicted significant changes in Aβ and tau at baseline, lower Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (better cognitive performance) score, and higher Mini-Mental State Examination score from baseline to 36 months.
iScience
February 2025
ENI-G, a Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
Cricket song recognition is thought to evolve through modifications of a shared neural network. However, the species has an unusual recognition pattern that challenges this view: females respond to both normal male song pulse periods and periods twice as long. Of the three minimal models tested, only a single-neuron model with an oscillating membrane could explain this unusual behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding how the collective activity of neural populations relates to computation and ultimately behavior is a key goal in neuroscience. To this end, statistical methods which describe high-dimensional neural time series in terms of low-dimensional latent dynamics have played a fundamental role in characterizing neural systems. Yet, what constitutes a successful method involves two opposing criteria: (1) methods should be expressive enough to capture complex nonlinear dynamics, and (2) they should maintain a notion of interpretability often only warranted by simpler linear models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA three-sectioned, bidirectionally coupled, tunable, optical comb source is presented. The photonic integrated circuit (PIC) consists of a gain section, a slotted mirror section and a Fabry-Perot (FP) section. Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are produced by gain switching the FP section via a high power radio frequency (RF) signal.
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