Hepatic monooxygenase activities of the mountain vole, Microtus montanus, were measured after i.p. injections of phenobarbital, B-naphthoflavone and Aroclor 1254 at doses ranging from 5 to 80 mg/kg. The results showed that mountain voles differed in their induction of hepatic monooxygenase activity relative to other rodents. The results also suggest substrate specificity in the detection of enzymatic induction and the importance of considering effects of varying inducer doses on hepatic monooxygenases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(86)90213-6 | DOI Listing |
Drug Metab Dispos
January 2025
Current affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Current affiliation: OneDrug Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Several clinical studies have shown that COVID-19 increases the systemic concentration of drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, it is unclear how COVID-19-mediated bidirectional dysregulation of hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 affects drug concentrations, especially in the lung tissue, which is most affected by the disease. Herein, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to demonstrate the differences in systemic and pulmonary concentrations of 4 respiratory infectious disease drugs when CYP3A4 is concurrently downregulated in the liver and upregulated in the lung based on existing clinical data on COVID-19-CYP3A4 interactions at varying severity levels including outpatients, non-intensive care unit (ICU), and ICU patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
January 2025
Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster (FH), 48149 Münster, Germany.
Rationale: The dietary components choline, betaine, and L-carnitine are converted by intestinal microbiota into the molecule trimethylamine (TMA). In the human liver, hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 oxidizes TMA to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO is considered a candidate marker for the risk of cardiovascular disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Epidemiological studies prove that type II diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance (IR), may be caused by fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bile acids (BAs) play important roles in the context of lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Based on extensive preclinical mouse studies, BA signaling pathways have been implicated as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. However, differences in BA metabolism between mice and humans hamper translation of preclinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The worldwide legalization of medicinal cannabis has led to an increased use of products made by commercial operators. These products often contain minor cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN) which are advertised to improve sleep. Products are also available in which CBN is combined with conventional therapies, with a common product containing both CBN and the widely used sleep-aid melatonin.
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