We present an investigation of dispersion map optimization for two-span single-channel 28 GBaud QPSK transmission systems with phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs). In experiments, when the PSA link is operated in a highly nonlinear regime, a 1.4 dB error vector magnitude (EVM) improvement is achieved compared to a one-span optimized dispersion map link due to improved nonlinearity mitigation. The two-span optimized dispersion map of a PSA link differs from the optimized dispersion map of a dispersion managed phase-insensitive amplifier (PIA) link. Simulations show that the performance of the two-span dispersion map optimized PSA link does not improve by residual dispersion optimization. Further, by using the two-span optimized dispersion maps repeatedly in a long-haul PSA link instead of one-span optimized maps, the maximum transmission reach can be improved 1.5 times.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.013163 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Botany and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10‑727, Olsztyn, Poland.
The liverwort Arnellia fennica has a circumarctic distribution with disjunct and scarce localities in the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees. Within the Carpathians, it is only known from the Tatra Mountains (in Poland), where so far only four occurrences have been documented in the forest belt of the limestone part of the Western Tatras. The species is considered a tertiary relict, which owes its survival during the last glaciation period to low-lying locations in areas not covered by ice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomater Sci Polym Ed
January 2025
Novel Drug Delivery Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Analyzing the chemical composition of different kinds of acrylic cement is necessary to understand their properties and suitability for curing bone defects. Conducting various chemical tests can give valuable insight into the composition, viscosity, and performance characteristics of each kind of cement, Therefore, our study aimed to find safety standards and the effectiveness of these products for medical applications. The polymeric characterization was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA.
Best current practice in the analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI is to employ a voxel-by-voxel model selection from a hierarchy of nested models. This nested model selection (NMS) assumes that the observed time-trace of contrast-agent (CA) concentration within a voxel, corresponds to a singular physiologically nested model. However, admixtures of different models may exist within a voxel's CA time-trace.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
January 2025
Ecostrat GmbH Berlin Germany.
A dramatic decrease of biodiversity is currently questioning human-environment interactions that have shaped ecosystems over thousands of years. In old cultural landscapes of Central and East European (CEE) countries, a vast species decline has been reported for various taxa although intensive land cultivation has been reduced in favor of agroecological transformation, nature conservation and sustainable land management in the past 30 years. Thus, in the recent history, agricultural intensification cannot solely be discussed as the major driver controlling biodiversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
December 2024
Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 38446 Volos, Greece.
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), (Wiedemann 1824; Diptera, Tephritidae), is considered one of the most important pests, infesting more than 300 species of fresh fruit and vegetables worldwide. The medfly is an important invasive species, which has spread from the eastern part of sub-Saharan Africa to all of the world's continents in recent centuries. Currently, the medfly is expanding its geographical range to cooler, temperate areas of the world, including northern areas of Mediterranean countries and continental areas of Central Europe.
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