The surface properties of polymer blends are important for many industrial applications. The physical and chemical properties at the surface of polymer blends can be drastically different from those in the bulk due to the surface segregation of the low surface energy component. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) have been widely used to characterize surface and bulk properties. This review provides a brief introduction to the principles of XPS and ToF-SIMS and their application to the study of the surface physical and chemical properties of polymer blends.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9080655 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Energy Mater
January 2025
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are attracting significant attention due to their low cost, lightweight, and flexible nature. The introduction of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has propelled OSC development into a transformative era. However, the limited availability of wide band gap polymer donors for NFAs poses a critical challenge, hindering further advancements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia. Electronic address:
Significant progress has been made over the past decade with pilot scale polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by direct accumulation using municipal waste activated sludge (WAS). However, industrial upscaling experiences are still lacking in the research literature. In this study, a demonstration scale (4 m) PHA production process was operated using industrially relevant equipment and compared favourably to those from parallel pilot scale (200 L) production runs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Orgánica, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Polymer blending is an interesting strategy to broaden the combination of properties available for a variety of applications. To understand the behaviour of the new materials obtained as well as the influence of the fabrication parameters used, methods to analyse the distribution of polymers in the blend with resolution below the micrometer are required. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of focused ion beam (FIB) tomography to provide 3D information of the polymer distribution in objects obtained by blending acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) with polycarbonate (PC) (50 wt%), fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and by Injection Moulding (IM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Planning & Resources), University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent a promising class of biodegradable polyesters synthesized by various microorganisms as energy storage compounds. Their versatility and environmental friendliness make them potential candidates for replacing conventional plastics across numerous applications. However, challenges such as limited mechanical properties, high production costs, and thermal instability have hindered their widespread adoption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
January 2025
Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
This study focused on developing biodegradable packaging films based on starch as an alternative to non-biodegradable such as petroleum-derived synthetic polymers. To improve its physicochemical properties, potato starch was chemically modified through phosphorylation. Starch phosphorylation was carried out using cyclic 1,3-propanediol phosphoryl chloride (CPPC), produced phosphorylated starch (PS), and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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