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Pellagra in isoniazid preventive and antiretroviral therapy.
IDCases
May 2019
School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Pellagra is caused by cellular deficiency of niacin or its precursor amino acid, tryptophan. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is the administration of isoniazid (INH) to latent tuberculosis (TB) infection affected people preventing advancement to active TB disease. Although potentially life-saving for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people with no active TB, IPT is arguably a possible player in pellagra in addition to well-known malnourishment determinants particularly in developing nations where diagnosis is often overlooked or delayed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Niacin in therapy].
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)
May 2007
Zakład Regulacji Metabolizmu, Instytut Biochemii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Poland.
Niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) is a vitamin used as a source of the NAD+ and NADP+ coenzymes required for many metabolic processes. Its low dietary levels induce the development of pellagra. Niacin has been used for decades in the treatment of patients with disturbed lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, this being the main cause of atherosclerotic changes in cardiovascular diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased plasma tryptophan in HIV-infected patients treated with pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide.
Nutrition
January 2002
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Objective: Decreased plasma tryptophan in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported over a decade ago, and this observation has since been confirmed by many groups. Before this study, only zidovudine (an antiviral medication) had been reported to reverse plasma tryptophan depletion in HIV-infected persons. Starting with the hypothesis that HIV induces a pellagra-like state and that plasma tryptophan in HIV-infected patients is decreased as a known biochemical correlate of pellagra, we predicted that niacin therapy would reverse plasma tryptophan depletion as it does in pellagra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNiacin as a potential AIDS preventive factor.
Med Hypotheses
November 1999
Tewksbury Hospital, Department of Medicine, MA 01876, USA.
A pentad of findings consistent with niacin depletion have been described in patients with AIDS. There are also clinical and laboratory data to support the potential benefit of niacin in HIV infection. In this paper, it is hypothesized that HIV infection induces niacin depletion, and that therapeutic niacin will act as an AIDS preventive factor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPELLAGRA IN AN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUAL: A CAUSE OF CHRONIC DIARRHOEA.
Med J Armed Forces India
October 1997
Principal Medical Officer, Botswana Defence Force.
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