d-Aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) hydrolyzes d-amino acids mistakenly attached to tRNAs and, thus, has been implicated in perpetuating protein homochirality. Fifty years after the discovery of DTD, it has now been shown that its function extends beyond 'chiral proofreading' because it also eliminates glycine that has been erroneously coupled to tRNA.
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d-Tyrosyl-tRNA Deacylase: A New Function.
Trends Biochem Sci
September 2017
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA. Electronic address:
d-Aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) hydrolyzes d-amino acids mistakenly attached to tRNAs and, thus, has been implicated in perpetuating protein homochirality. Fifty years after the discovery of DTD, it has now been shown that its function extends beyond 'chiral proofreading' because it also eliminates glycine that has been erroneously coupled to tRNA.
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January 2017
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a central role in protein synthesis, catalyzing the attachment of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Here, we describe a spectrophotometric assay for tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in which the Tyr-tRNA product is cleaved, regenerating the tRNA substrate. As tRNA is the limiting substrate in the assay, recycling it substantially increases the sensitivity of the assay while simultaneously reducing its cost.
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Institut fuer Biochemie, OE4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent form of cancer with a poor prognosis and with limited possibilities of medical intervention. It has been shown that over 100 putative driver genes are associated with multiple recurrently altered pathways in HCC, suggesting that multiple pathways will need to be inhibited for any therapeutic method. mRNA processing is regulated by a complex RNA-protein network that is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis.
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the attachment of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. In general, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase assays require stoichiometric amounts of tRNA, which limits their sensitivity while increasing their cost. This requirement for stoichiometric amounts of tRNA can be alleviated if the aminoacyl-tRNA product is cleaved following the tRNA aminoacylation reaction, regenerating the free tRNA substrate.
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Anal Biochem
October 2015
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA. Electronic address:
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to the 3' end of tRNA(Tyr), releasing AMP, pyrophosphate, and l-tyrosyl-tRNA as products. Because this enzyme plays a central role in protein synthesis, it has garnered attention as a potential target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Although high-throughput assays that monitor tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase activity have been described, these assays generally use stoichiometric amounts of tRNA, limiting their sensitivity and increasing their cost.
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