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Mixed Th1 and Th2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis from Tanzania. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and helminth infections can interfere with each other's immune responses, and they are commonly found together in certain regions, which led researchers to investigate this interaction in T-cell responses.
  • In a study involving 72 individuals with pulmonary TB from Tanzania and South Africa, significant differences were found in the cytokine profiles of Mtb-specific T cells; Tanzanian patients showed more diverse immune responses (Th1 and Th2), while South African patients had a more simplified response dominated by IFN-γ.
  • The research indicated that helminth infections might reduce the presence of Mtb-specific CD8 T cells in Tanzanian patients and suggests that environmental and genetic factors could play a crucial

Article Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and helminth infections elicit antagonistic immune effector functions and are co-endemic in several regions of the world. We therefore hypothesized that helminth infection may influence Mtb-specific T-cell immune responses. We evaluated the cytokine profile of Mtb-specific T cells in 72 individuals with pulmonary TB disease recruited from two Sub-Saharan regions with high and moderate helminth burden i.e. 55 from Tanzania (TZ) and 17 from South Africa (SA), respectively. We showed that Mtb-specific CD4 T-cell functional profile of TB patients from Tanzania are primarily composed of polyfunctional Th1 and Th2 cells, associated with increased expression of Gata-3 and reduced expression of T-bet in memory CD4 T cells. In contrast, the cytokine profile of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells of TB patients from SA was dominated by single IFN-γ and dual IFN-γ/TNF-α and associated with TB-induced systemic inflammation and elevated serum levels of type I IFNs. Of note, the proportion of patients with Mtb-specific CD8 T cells was significantly reduced in Mtb/helminth co-infected patients from TZ. It is likely that the underlying helminth infection and possibly genetic and other unknown environmental factors may have caused the induction of mixed Th1/Th2 Mtb-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients from TZ. Taken together, these results indicate that the generation of Mtb-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses may be substantially influenced by environmental factors in vivo. These observations may have major impact in the identification of immune biomarkers of disease status and correlates of protection.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5552332PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005817DOI Listing

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