Objectives: To evaluate the influence of TiF incorporated into the primer (P) or bond (B) of a self-etching adhesive system on long-term dentin bonding, and evaluate the physico-mechanical properties of TiF-containing adhesives.
Methods: Dentin surfaces received the following treatments (n = 8): CL (Clearfil SE Bond); TiFCL (dentin pretreatment with TiF aqueous solution + CL); TiFP (TiF incorporated into the P); TiFB (TiF incorporated into the B). Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and failure mode evaluations were performed after 24h, 6 months and one year, respectively. Degree of conversion (DC) and flexural strength (FS) were evaluated to determine whether TiF influenced adhesive properties. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential (ZP) of TiF-containing adhesives were measured using dynamic light scattering. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was applied to µTBS data, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests to DC and FS results.
Results: There was no difference in µTBS among the groups (p = 0.818) regardless of time; the µTBS in each group was not significantly affected over time (p = 0.061). TiFP and TiFB significantly affected FS (p = 0.004). The DC for TiFP was not significantly different from that of CL, and higher than that of TiFB. Lower average particle size was observed for TiFP at baseline. TiF aqueous solution showed a tendency to agglomerate.
Conclusions: TiF-containing adhesives did not influence µTBS or failure mode to dentin over time, although FS and DC were affected, especially when TiF was incorporated into the B. TiFP presented excellent stability over time.
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