AI Article Synopsis
- An increasing number of studies are using rodent mammary glands to evaluate the developmental toxicity of chemicals, with current methods leading to inconsistencies across labs.
- A common assessment method is needed to standardize interpretations of data regarding mammary gland development.
- This study introduces the Sholl analysis method, originally for neurons, to measure mammary gland branching characteristics using ImageJ software, providing a reliable tool for future research.
Article Abstract
An increasing number of studies are utilizing the rodent mammary gland as an endpoint for assessing the developmental toxicity of a chemical exposure. The effects these exposures have on mammary gland development are typically evaluated using either basic dimensional measurements or by scoring morphological characteristics. However, the broad range of methods for interpreting developmental changes could lead to inconsistent translations across laboratories. A common method of assessment is needed so that proper interpretations can be formed from data being compared across studies. The present study describes the application of the Sholl analysis method to quantify mammary gland branching characteristics. The Sholl method was originally developed for use in quantifying neuronal dendritic patterns. By using ImageJ, an open-source image analysis software package, and a plugin developed for this analysis, the mammary gland branching density and the complexity of a mammary gland from a peripubertal female rat were determined. The methods described here will enable the use of the Sholl analysis as an effective tool for quantifying an important characteristic of mammary gland development.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612270 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/55789 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Hypercalcaemia in association with Sertoli cell tumour in a dog.
J Small Anim Pract
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
A 9-year-old, presumed male castrated mixed breed dog was evaluated for lethargy, hyporexia, polyuria, polydipsia and diffuse gynaecomastia. Bloodwork revealed severe hypercalcaemia and hyposthenuria. CT scan showed a caudal abdominal mass consistent with a Sertoli cell tumour on cytology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNOTCH and IGF1 signaling systems are involved in the effects exerted by anthelminthic treatment of heifers on the bovine mammary gland.
Vet Parasitol
January 2025
Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Junín, Buenos Aires 6000, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA, UNNOBA - UNSAdA - CONICET, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino, Buenos Aires 2700, Argentina. Electronic address:
Dairy heifers with gastrointestinal nematodes have reduced growth rates, and delayed age at puberty and milk production onset related to late mammary gland development. IGF1 and Notch signaling systems are important in this process, and an altered profile of serum IGF1 has been associated with the detrimental effect of the nematodes on parenchymal development. In this context, we aimed to study the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine mammary gland development around pre and postpuberty, focusing on proliferative and angiogenic processes that involve the Notch and IGF1 pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering the colostral-immunity transfer: from mammary gland to neonates small intestine.
Vet Res Commun
January 2025
Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Colostrum, the initial mammary secretion produced by various mammals following birth, is a conduit for maternal immunity transfer in diverse mammalian species. Concurrently, many cellular processes are occurring in the neonatal small intestine to prepare it to receive molecular signals from a superfood essential for the neonate's health and development. During the prepartum colostrum secretion, the newborn intestine undergoes transient alterations in the intestinal barrier, primarily regulating immunoglobulin absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid component in human milk, vary significantly among women due to factors such as secretor status, race, geography, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery method. In recent studies, HMOs have been shown to have a variety of functional roles in the development of infants. Because HMOs are not digested by infants, they act as metabolic substrates for certain bacteria, helping to establish the infant's gut microbiota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification and Analysis of Circular RNAs in Mammary Gland from Yaks Between Lactation and Dry Period.
Animals (Basel)
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Lactation is a complex physiological process regulated by numerous genes and factors. Circular RNA (circRNA), a non-coding RNA, acts as a molecular sponge that sequesters microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate target gene expression. Although circRNA has been linked to mammary gland lactation, its specific role in yaks remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!