Thyroid hormones have a significant impact on cardiac function and structure. Excess thyroid hormone affects cardiovascular hemodynamics, leading to high-output heart failure and, in late stages, dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss how hyperthyroidism affects cardiovascular pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms and examine the complications caused by excess thyroid hormone, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
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Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5512680 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-13-2-60 | DOI Listing |
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