Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends, mortality rates and places of caesarean section by level of care in Burkina Faso.Method: A retrospective study was conducted using data from Burkina Faso Ministry of Health annual health statistics and public hospital reports from 2000 to 2014. Linear regression was used to analyse caesarean section trends and mortality rates in District Hospitals (HD), Regional Hospitals (CHR) and University Hospitals (CHU).Results: From 2000 to 2014, the number of caesarean sections performed in Burkina Faso public hospitals increased almost tenfold from approximately 2,365 to 19,081, corresponding to a growth of the caesarean section rate from 0.5 to 2 per 100 deliveries. This growth was linear. Between 2000 and 2006, University Hospitals performed most of these caesarean sections. Starting from 2007, the majority of caesarean sections were performed by HD. The proportion of caesarean sections performed in Regional Hospitals remained almost constant, although the number of caesarean sections increased threefold. In 2014, HD performed 52% of caesarean sections, followed by University Hospitals (25%) and Regional Hospitals (23%). Analysis of mortality rates following caesarean section showed upward and downward trends, oscillating between 1 to 2% before 2008 and 0.15% in 2014. This same mortality trend was observed in each type of hospital.Conclusion: The results show an increase of better quality caesarean section rates, performed closer to the woman’s home in Burkina Faso. The health care services decentralization policy and quality of care approaches have helped to achieve these results.
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