This descriptive-analytical study used data envelopment analysis to evaluated the technical efficiency (TE) of health systems in Member States of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2004-2011. Life expectancy and infant mortality were used as outputs. Per capita total expenditure on health, and number of physicians, nurses and midwives and hospital beds per 1000 people were used as inputs. The determinants of TE of the health systems were examined using a regression model. United Arab Emirates and Somalia had the most efficient health systems with a TE score of 1. Djibouti and Libya had the most inefficient health systems, with TE scores of 0.346 and 0.435, respectively. The most important determinants of TE were the level of education and gross domestic product per capita. The relationship between unemployment and out-of-pocket health expenditure was not significantly associated with TE of the health systems. To improve TE of the health systems, countries should focus on individuals' empowerment in education and income level, rather than only on providing healthcare services.
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