Analysis of safety-related regulatory actions by Japan's pharmaceutical regulatory agency.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety-related regulatory actions implemented by Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in 2012.

Methods: We analyzed serious safety issues appended to drug package inserts (PIs) in Japan in 2012. The issues were characterized according to drug class, adverse event, years since drug approval, initiator of regulatory actions, revised section of PI, and evidence source. We also quantified the durations from signal detection to tentative decision and from tentative decision to regulatory action.

Results: We identified 144 serious safety issues during the study period, and the majority of evidence originated from spontaneous reports (83.5%). The PMDA initiated regulatory actions for half of all safety issues, and the median duration from drug approval to regulatory action was 8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3-26.5 years). The median duration was 49 days (IQR, 0-362 days) from signal detection to tentative decision and 84 days (IQR, 63-136 days) from tentative decision to regulatory action. Several safety issues involving older drugs and multiple products had protracted decision-making durations.

Conclusions: Most safety issues led to prompt regulatory actions predominantly based on spontaneous reports. Some safety issues that were not easily detected by the spontaneous reporting system were identified years after approval. In addition, several safety issues required assessments of multiple drug products, which prolonged the decision-making process.