This study aims at developing supercapacitor materials from sugar and distillery industry wastes, thereby mediating waste disposal problem through reuse. In a two-step process, biomethanated spent wash (BMSW) was acid treated to produce solid waste sludge and waste water with significantly reduced total organic carbon (TOC) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) content. Further, waste sludge was directly calcined in presence of activating agent ZnCl in inert atmosphere resulting in high surface area (730-900mg) carbon of unique hexagonal morphology. Present technique resulted in achieving two-faceted target of liquid-solid waste remediation and production of high-performance carbon material. The resulted high surface area carbon was tested in both three and two electrode systems. Electrochemical tests viz. cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance measurement were carried out in aqueous KOH electrolyte yielding specific capacitance as high as 120Fg, whereas all solid supercapacitor devised using PVA/HPO polyelectrolyte showed stable capacitance of 105Fg at 0.2Ag. The presence of transition metal particles and hetero-atoms on carbon surface were confirmed by XPS, EDX and TEM analysis which enhanced the conductivity and imparted pseudocapacitance to some extent into the working electrode. The present study successfully demonstrated production of high-performance electrode material from dirtiest wastewater making process green, sustainable and economically viable.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.048 | DOI Listing |
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The present study demonstrates the significance of the C/N ratio and double helical ribbon (DHR) impeller in the anaerobic co-digestion (AnCo-D) of sugar refining process (SRP) effluent and molasses-based distillery spent wash (DSW) for improved biogas production. Both SRP & DSW were mixed in different percentages to achieve an optimum C/N ratio. Further biomethane potential analysis of mixed feeds with different C/N ratios was performed.
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