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Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. . | LitMetric

Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. .

Front Cell Infect Microbiol

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT, United States.

Published: March 2018

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and the first line of defense after bacteria have breached the epithelial barriers. After migration to a site of infection, neutrophils engage and expose invading microorganisms to antimicrobial peptides and proteins, as well as reactive oxygen species, as part of their bactericidal arsenal. Ideally, neutrophils ingest bacteria to prevent damage to surrounding cells and tissues, kill invading microorganisms with antimicrobial mechanisms, undergo programmed cell death to minimize inflammation, and are cleared away by macrophages. () is a prevalent Gram-positive bacterium that is a common commensal and causes a wide range of diseases from skin infections to endocarditis. Since its discovery, has been a formidable neutrophil foe that has challenged the efficacy of this professional assassin. Indeed, proper clearance of by neutrophils is essential to positive infection outcome, and has developed mechanisms to evade neutrophil killing. Herein, we will review mechanisms used by to modulate and evade neutrophil bactericidal mechanisms including priming, activation, chemotaxis, production of reactive oxygen species, and resolution of infection. We will also highlight how uses sensory/regulatory systems to tailor production of virulence factors specifically to the triggering signal, e.g., neutrophils and defensins. To conclude, we will provide an overview of therapeutic approaches that may potentially enhance neutrophil antimicrobial functions.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5491559PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00286DOI Listing

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