Alliin is a garlic organosulfur compound that possesses various pharmacological properties. In the present study, the protective effects and molecular mechanism of alliin on Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) were analyzed. LPS-induced ALI was induced in BALB/c mice by intranasal instillation of LPS. Alliin was administered intraperitoneally to mice 1 h after LPS treatment. The results showed that alliin markedly inhibited lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and wet/dry (W/D) ratio induced by LPS. Alliin also inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by LPS. Furthermore, LPS-induced lung pathological injury was attenuated by treatment of alliin. LPS-induced NF-κB activation was significantly inhibited by alliin. In addition, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was up-regulated by treatment of alliin. Taken together, these results suggested that alliin protected against LPS-induced ALI by activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response. Alliin might be used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of ALI.
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