Antimicrobial susceptibility, risk factors and prevalence of cefotaximase, temoneira, and sulfhydryl variable genes among in community-acquired pediatric urinary tract infection. | LitMetric
Introduction: The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing has become an important challenge among pediatric patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI).
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, associated risk factors and to survey the frequency of cefotaximase (CTX-M), temoneira (TEM), and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) genotypes in ESBL-producing isolated from children with community-acquired UTI.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from November 2012 to March 2016 in a tertiary care center. isolated in urine cultures from children aged ≤18 years was identified and confirmed for ESBL production. ESBL-positive strains were screened for ESBL encoding genes. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the difference in antibiotic susceptibility with respect to ESBL positive and negative, and binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with ESBL production.
Results: Among 523 isolates, 196 (37.5%) were ESBL positive, >90% were resistant to cephalosporins, and 56% were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Least resistance was observed for imipenem, netilmicin, and nitrofurantoin (2%, 8.6%, 15.3%). Association between ESBL production and drug resistance was significant for ceftazidime ( < 0.001), cefixime ( < 0.001), cefotaxime ( = 0.010), ceftazidime-clavulanic acid ( < 0.001), levofloxacin ( = 0.037), and gentamicin ( = 0.047) compared to non-ESBL . CTX-M gene was the most prevalent (87.5%), followed by TEM (68.4%) and SHV (3.1%). Previous history of UTI and intake of antibiotics were the common risk factors.
Conclusion: ESBL-producing from community-acquired pediatric UTI carries more than one type of beta-lactamase coding genes correlating their increased antibiotic resistance. Aggressive infection control policy, routine screening for detecting ESBL isolates in clinical samples, and antimicrobial stewardship are the keys to prevent their dissemination in community settings.
Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z5, Canada.
Purpose: In early-stage breast cancer, steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with increased recurrence, cardiovascular events, and non-cancer death. Endocrine therapy (ET) increases the risk of SLD. The impact of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) on SLD and prognostic association in metastatic breast cancer is unknown.
The Gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. are the most frequent causative organisms of bloodstream infections and infective endocarditis.
Background: CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 are optimal targets for HIV infections, with higher pre-HIV α4β7hi expression linked to increased HIV acquisition and progression in South African women. However, similar associations were not observed in men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Americas, indicating need for further research.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled heterosexual men and women from South Africa (HIV Vaccine Trials Network; HVTN 503) and East Africa (Partners Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/Couples' Observational Study; PP/COS), quantifying α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells as a predictor of subsequent HIV risk using flow cytometry analyses.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant health risk to women. The complexity of basic BC research and clinical treatment is influenced by multiple factors, including age, fertility, hormone metabolism, molecular subtypes, and tumor grading and staging. Traditional in vitro models often fall short of meeting modern research demands, whereas organoids-an emerging 3D primary culture technology-offer a unique platform that better replicates the tumor microenvironment (TME).
