The effects of the autonomic antagonists on urethral activity was studied in female dogs. Urethral responses produced by autonomic nerve stimulation were measured with pressure and motility changes in control conditions and after administration of autonomic antagonists. Phentolamine and guanethidine reduced both hypogastric and pelvic nerve mediated responses. It seems that urethral smooth muscle function is greatly influenced by adrenergic drugs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000281121 | DOI Listing |
Neuropeptides
January 2025
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins (UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3) belong to the same CRF family of neuropeptides. They regulate the neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress via two CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Stress, anxiety and depression affects the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotoninergic neurotransmission, both being regulated by CRF and CRF-related peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Immunol Immunother
January 2025
Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest, 44805, Saint Herblain, France.
Catatonia is one of the most severe psychiatric syndromes, and clinical symptoms and etiology are very heterogeneous. When accompanied by autonomic instability and hyperthermia it’s termed malignant catatonia, which left untreated is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. First-line treatment is high dose benzodiazepines, followed by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in case of non-response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Int
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Williams Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5742, USA.
Cluster headache is a severe, poorly understood disorder for which there are as yet virtually no rationally derived treatments. Here, Lee Kudrow's 1983 theory, that cluster headache is an overly zealous response to hypoxia, is updated according to current understandings of hypoxia detection, signaling, and sensitization. It is shown that the distinctive clinical characteristics of cluster headache (circadian timing of attacks and circannual patterning of bouts, autonomic symptoms, and agitation), risk factors (cigarette smoking; male gender), triggers (alcohol; nitroglycerin), genetic findings (GWAS studies), anatomical substrate (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, solitary tract nucleus/NTS, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis), neurochemical features (elevated levels of galectin-3, nitric oxide, tyramine, and tryptamine), and responsiveness to treatments (verapamil, lithium, melatonin, prednisone, oxygen, and histamine desensitization) can all be understood in terms of hypoxic signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology and Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology (BK21 FOUR), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea. Electronic address:
Methylergometrine has widely been used pharmacologically to treat conditions such as pain, addiction, vasoconstriction, migraines, and Parkinson's disease. Despite its side effects, it is used as a therapeutic agent and research material for various diseases based on its natural potential; however, the regulatory effect of its interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has not yet been investigated. The α3β4 nAChR is an ion channel essential for neurotransmission within the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and autonomic nervous systems.
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