The implementation of automation in the multistep flow synthesis is essential for transforming laboratory-scale chemistry into a reliable industrial process. In this review, we briefly introduce the role of automation based on its application in synthesis viz. auto sampling and inline monitoring, optimization and process control. Subsequently, we have critically reviewed a few multistep flow synthesis and suggested a possible control strategy to be implemented so that it helps to reliably transfer the laboratory-scale synthesis strategy to a pilot scale at its optimum conditions. Due to the vast literature in multistep synthesis, we have classified the literature and have identified the case studies based on few criteria viz. type of reaction, heating methods, processes involving in-line separation units, telescopic synthesis, processes involving in-line quenching and process with the smallest time scale of operation. This classification will cover the broader range in the multistep synthesis literature.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.97 | DOI Listing |
Molecules
December 2024
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
Hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) materials are typically formed by the self-assembly of small organic units (synthons) with specific functional groups through hydrogen bonding or other interactions. HOF is commonly used as an electrolyte for batteries. Well-designed HOF materials can enhance the proton exchange rate, thereby boosting battery performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWaste Manag
January 2025
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083 China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083 China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083 China. Electronic address:
At present, lead-containing wastes have increasingly become the raw materials together with primary lead concentrate for lead production to meet the ever-increasing lead demand market. PbSO is the dominant component in the lead-containing wastes, nevertheless, its reaction behavior during lead smelting is not sufficiently investigated. This study investigated PbSO decomposition behaviors and phase transformation mechanisms at oxidizing and reductive atmospheres and various gas flow rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Clin Cancer Res
January 2025
School of Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nankai University, Beijing, China.
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits a cellular hierarchy with a subpopulation of stem-like cells known as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that drive tumor growth and contribute to treatment resistance. NAD(H) emerges as a crucial factor influencing GSC maintenance through its involvement in diverse biological processes, including mitochondrial fitness and DNA damage repair. However, how GSCs leverage metabolic adaptation to obtain survival advantage remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address:
Emergency bleeding presents significant challenges such as high blood flow and rapid hemorrhaging. However, many existing hemostatic bandages face limitations, including the uncontrolled release of hemostatic agents, insufficient mechanical strength, poor adhesion, and complex manufacturing processes. To address these limitations, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel bandage for emergency hemostasis using a one-pot synthesis method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol Methods
December 2024
Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratories, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, United States. Electronic address:
Rapidly identifying and sequencing viral pathogens in poultry flocks can substantially reduce economic loss especially during disease outbreaks. Current next generation sequencing technologies require multi-step laboratory-intensive workflows to generate sequence data which precludes field adaptation. In this study, we hypothesized that direct RNA sequencing (DRS) using an Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION device would enable sequencing of the full-length viral RNA genome of Orthoavulavirus javaense (OAVJ), the causative of Newcastle disease, a major poultry challenge.
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