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The combined effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on pressure and heat pain thresholds in pain-free subjects: a randomized cross-over trial.
Trials
July 2024
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA.
Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive modality that utilizes electrical currents to modulate pain in populations with acute and chronic pain. TENS has been demonstrated to produce hypoalgesic effects in postoperative pain, fibromyalgia, knee osteoarthritis, and healthy subjects. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TaVNS) is a non-invasive modality that modulates the vagus nerve by stimulating its auricular branches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrior probability cues bias sensory encoding with increasing task exposure.
Elife
April 2024
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
When observers have prior knowledge about the likely outcome of their perceptual decisions, they exhibit robust behavioural biases in reaction time and choice accuracy. Computational modelling typically attributes these effects to strategic adjustments in the criterion amount of evidence required to commit to a choice alternative - usually implemented by a starting point shift - but recent work suggests that expectations may also fundamentally bias the encoding of the sensory evidence itself. Here, we recorded neural activity with EEG while participants performed a contrast discrimination task with valid, invalid, or neutral probabilistic cues across multiple testing sessions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of Immediate Neuromodulatory Effects between Focal Vibratory and Electrical Sensory Stimulations after Stroke.
Bioengineering (Basel)
March 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Article Synopsis
- Focal vibratory stimulation (FVS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are explored as sensory rehabilitation techniques for stroke recovery, focusing on their effects on the brain.
- A study using EEG on individuals with chronic stroke and healthy controls showed that both FVS and NMES activated brain waves in the sensorimotor cortex, but FVS had a quicker effect and resulted in higher oscillation levels.
- Overall, FVS was found to enhance involuntary attention more effectively, while NMES primarily targeted the motor responses of muscles on the unaffected side of the body.
Changing Stimulation Frequency Improves Implanted Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Effects After Posttraumatic Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil
June 2024
From the Department of Applied Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (CJP); The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas (NV); and Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (NBJ, CK).
Total hip arthroplasty is an effective procedure to improve pain, range of motion, and function for a variety of conditions, including osteoarthritis and posttraumatic arthritis. Up to 28% of patients had persistent pain at the surgical site 12-18 mos after total hip arthroplasty, even in the absence of surgical complications. Currently, there are no widely accepted nonpharmacological treatments for persistent postoperative pain for total hip arthroplasty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBalancing true and false detection of intermittent sensory targets by adjusting the inputs to the evidence accumulation process.
Elife
August 2023
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Decisions about noisy stimuli are widely understood to be made by accumulating evidence up to a decision bound that can be adjusted according to task demands. However, relatively little is known about how such mechanisms operate in continuous monitoring contexts requiring intermittent target detection. Here, we examined neural decision processes underlying detection of 1 s coherence targets within continuous random dot motion, and how they are adjusted across contexts with weak, strong, or randomly mixed weak/strong targets.
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