There is an increasing need for physicians to handle venous obstructions in pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implants. Venoplasty performed by an experienced operator is a simple, safe, and fast way to manage this situation and proceed to implant. Compared to other approaches, this strategy may offer particular advantages.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494389PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1002DOI Listing

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