Cannabinoid-induced tetrad is a preclinical model commonly used to evaluate if a pharmacological compound is an agonist of the central type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor in rodents. The tetrad is characterized by hypolocomotion, hypothermia, catalepsy, and analgesia, four phenotypes that are induced by acute administration of CB1 agonists exemplified by the prototypic cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This unit describes a standard protocol in mice to induce tetrad phenotypes with THC as reference cannabinoid. We provide typical results obtained with this procedure showing a dose effect of THC in different mouse strains. The effect of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant is also shown. This tetrad protocol is well adapted to reveal new compounds acting on CB1 receptors in vivo. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpns.31 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impact of early-life lead exposure on adult delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol sensitivity in male and female C57BL6/J mice.
Neurotoxicol Teratol
November 2023
Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), USA.
Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cannabis use are two of the largest public health issues facing modern society in the United States and around the world. Exposure to Pb in early life has been unequivocally shown to have negative impacts on development, and recent research is mounting showing that it may also predispose individuals for risk of developing substance use disorders (SUD). At the same time, societal and legal attitudes towards cannabis (the main psychoactive component of which is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) have been shifting, and many American states have legalized the recreational use of cannabis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferent receptor mechanisms underlying phytocannabinoid- versus synthetic cannabinoid-induced tetrad effects: Opposite roles of CB /CB versus GPR55 receptors.
Br J Pharmacol
April 2020
Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland.
Background And Purpose: Cannabis or cannabinoids produce characteristic tetrad effects-analgesia, hypothermia, catalepsy and suppressed locomotion, which are believed to be mediated by the activation of cannabinoid CB receptors. Given recent findings of CB and GPR55 receptors in the brain, we examined whether these receptors are also involved in cannabinoid action.
Experimental Approach: We compared Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ -THC)-, WIN55212-2-, or XLR11-induced tetrad effects between wild-type (WT) and each genotype of CB -, CB - or GPR55-knockout (KO) mice and then observed the effects of antagonists of these receptors on these tetrad effects in WT mice.
Divergent Response to Cannabinoid Receptor Stimulation in High and Low Stress-Induced Analgesia Mouse Lines Is Associated with Differential G-Protein Activation.
Neuroscience
April 2019
Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neurogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Bidirectional selection of mice for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) is associated with a divergent response to opioids. In the current study, we investigated whether the genetic divergence in opioid system activity between HA and LA mice also affects cannabinoid sensitivity. Additionally, we also investigated whether the endocannabinoid system mediates SSIA in these lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCannabinoid-Induced Tetrad in Mice.
Curr Protoc Neurosci
July 2017
Physiopathology of Neuronal Plasticity, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France.
Cannabinoid-induced tetrad is a preclinical model commonly used to evaluate if a pharmacological compound is an agonist of the central type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor in rodents. The tetrad is characterized by hypolocomotion, hypothermia, catalepsy, and analgesia, four phenotypes that are induced by acute administration of CB1 agonists exemplified by the prototypic cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This unit describes a standard protocol in mice to induce tetrad phenotypes with THC as reference cannabinoid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonohydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 retain intermediate to high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) affinity and exhibit neutral antagonist to partial agonist activity.
Biochem Pharmacol
April 2012
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
K2 and several similar purported "incense products" spiked with synthetic cannabinoids are abused as cannabis substitutes. We hypothesized that metabolism of JWH-073, a prevalent cannabinoid found in K2, contributes to toxicity associated with K2 use. Competition receptor binding studies and G-protein activation assays, both performed by employing mouse brain homogenates, were used to determine the affinity and intrinsic activity, respectively, of potential monohydroxylated (M1, M3-M5) and monocarboxylated (M6) metabolites at cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!