The pronator teres muscle is rarely examined during a routine sonographic examination of the elbow joint. Nevertheless, it can be affected by a variety of conditions, including trauma and tumors, and can be implicated in compression of the median nerve. This pictorial essay first illustrates the anatomy and biomechanics of the pronator teres. Then we present the sonographic technique for examination, normal sonographic appearance, and anatomic variations of the pronator teres and adjacent structures as well as sonography of their main disorders. Normal and pathologic sonographic appearances are correlated with magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic results.
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- * The abnormal muscle origin resulted in it being significantly longer (19 cm) than the average pronator teres in other cadavers, highlighting the importance of recognizing anatomical variations during diagnosis and surgical procedures.
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