In the present work we report on the key factors dictating the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of suboxide titania (TiO ) nanotubes. TiO nanotubes were produced by a systematic variation of reduction heat treatments of TiO in Ar/H . The properties of the TiO tubes were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state conductivity, reflectivity measurements, photocurrent spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. In line with earlier literature, these suboxide tubes show a drastically improved photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance compared to non-reduced anatase TiO tubes. In this work we show that the key improvement in water-splitting performance is due to the strongly improved conductivity of TiO semimetalic tubes, reaching 13.5 KΩ per tube compared to 70 MΩ (for non-reduced anatase), and is not due to the enhanced visible-light absorbance.
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