Urinary phenylacetylglutamine (U-PAGN) concentrations in spot urine samples were analyzed as a dosing biomarker during glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) dosing in 68 healthy adults and 66 adult and pediatric patients with urea cycle disorders who participated in GPB clinical trials. Age- and body surface area (BSA)-specific 25th percentile cutoff points for spot U-PAGN concentrations (<~9000 μg/mL for < 2 years old patients, < 7000 μg/mL for > 2 years with BSA ≤ 1.3 m, and <~5000 μg/mL for > 2 years of age with BSA > 1.3 m) were determined as an approach to identify patients for whom increased dosing and/or adherence to prescribed dosing should be assessed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.09.003 | DOI Listing |
Gut Microbes
April 2024
Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Pathog
March 2024
Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Drug Test Anal
September 2024
Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Phenethylamine (PEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine that acts as a modulator in the central nervous system. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement and advertised for its mood enhancing effects and should support weight loss. It is prohibited in sports and itemized as a stimulant on the Prohibited List issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging Cell
December 2023
BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
Human aging is invariably accompanied by a decline in renal function, a process potentially exacerbated by uremic toxins originating from gut microbes. Based on a registered household Chinese Guangxi longevity cohort (n = 151), we conducted comprehensive profiling of the gut microbiota and serum metabolome of individuals from 22 to 111 years of age and validated the findings in two independent East Asian aging cohorts (Japan aging cohort n = 330, Yunnan aging cohort n = 80), identifying unique age-dependent differences in the microbiota and serum metabolome. We discovered that the influence of the gut microbiota on serum metabolites intensifies with advancing age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2023
School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Hydrolyzed protein diets are extensively used to treat chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats. However, the biochemical effects of such a diet on feline CE have not been characterized. In this study an untargeted H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach was used to compare the urinary, plasma, and fecal metabolic phenotypes of cats with CE to control cats with no gastrointestinal signs recruited at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC).
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