Across much of the northern hemisphere, lakes are at risk of re-acidification due to incomplete recovery from historical acidification and pressures associated with more intensive forest biomass harvesting. Critical load (CL) calculations aimed at estimating the amount of pollutants an ecosystem can receive without suffering adverse consequences are dependent on these factors. Here, we present a modelling study of the potential effects of intensified forest harvesting on re-acidification of a set of 3239 Swedish lakes based on scenarios with varying intensities of forest biomass harvest and acid deposition. There is some evidence that forestry would have caused a certain level of acidification even if deposition remained at 1860 levels. We show that all plausible harvest scenarios delay recovery due to increased rates of base cation removal. Scenario results were used to estimate critical loads for the entire population of lakes in Sweden. The forestry intensity included in critical load calculations is a political decision. After scaling calculations to the national level, it was apparent that a high but plausible forest harvest intensity would lead to an increase in the area of CL exceedances and that even after significant reductions in forest harvest intensity, there would still be areas with CL exceedances. Our results show that forest harvest intensity and regional environmental change must be carefully considered in future CL calculations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.013 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, Kyiv-57, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine.
The integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) into power grids introduces several critical challenges, such as limited scalability, inefficiencies in real-time demand management, and significant data privacy and security vulnerabilities within centralized architectures. Furthermore, the increasing demand for decentralized systems necessitates robust solutions to handle the growing volume of EVs while ensuring grid stability and optimizing energy utilization. To address these challenges, this paper presents the Demand Response and Load Balancing using Artificial intelligence (DR-LB-AI) framework.
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December 2024
Department of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Background: We previously published the protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial of Proportional Assist Ventilation for Minimizing the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation: the PROMIZING study in Trials ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07163-w ).
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December 2024
School of architecture, Ocean and energy power engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
During maritime operations, extreme events such as explosions, grounding, and seal failures can cause water ingress into lubricant compartments, forming oil-water emulsions that significantly affect the lubrication performance of ship stern bearings. Existing studies mainly focus on low water content, with limited exploration of the impact of high water content on lubrication performance. To address this gap, viscosity measurements of oil-water mixtures were conducted, and an emulsification viscosity equation applicable to varying water contents was derived.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFatigue cracking of rib-to-deck conventional single-sided welded joints is a prevalent issue in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), significantly impacting their structural integrity and durability. Rib-to-deck innovative double-sided welded joints have the potential to enhance the fatigue resistance of OSD. However, Welding Residual Stresses (WRS) significantly influence the fatigue life of these joints, mandating its consideration in fatigue assessments.
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December 2024
School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
To explore the mechanism of water inrush from the mine roof strata, a series of seepage-acoustic emission (SAE) experiments on red sandstone disc samples were carried out. The effects of the height to diameter ratio (H/D) and pore pressure on the mechanical, hydraulic and crack propagation properties of red sandstones were investigated. Test results show that, the peak load of rock samples declines with the decreasing H/D and increasing pore pressure.
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