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<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28642823</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2056-9920</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>3</Volume><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of retina and vitreous</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Retina Vitreous</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Visualization of changes in the foveal avascular zone in both observed and treated diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>19</StartPage><MedlinePgn>19</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">19</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s40942-017-0074-y</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Central vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is commonly related to diabetic macular edema (DME). The objective of this study was to describe changes between consecutive visits on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in eyes with DME.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">20 eyes from 14 patients with DME were imaged on 2 successive clinic visits separated by at least 1&#xa0;month. The mean interval between visits was 3.2&#xa0;months. The only intervention used was intravitreal anti-VEGF in 11 eyes; the others were observed over time without treatment. Two different readers measured FAZ area using a pseudo-automated tool in comparison to a manual tracing tool. Qualitative changes in the appearance of the vasculature surrounding the FAZ were also recorded. The retinal capillary plexus was segmented into deep and superficial plexuses, and FAZ measurements were done on the superficial, deep, and summated plexuses.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Pseudo-automated and manual measurements of FAZ area decreased significantly (<i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.05) between visits in the deep, superficial, and summated plexuses. Qualitative analysis of vasculature surrounding the FAZ showed that most of the vascular changes (65%) over time were visible in the deep plexus, compared to 30 and 20% in the superficial and summated plexuses, respectively.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The most significant differences in FAZ size over time were in the summated plexus (<i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.001), while changes in FAZ appearance were most prominent in the deep plexus. Absolute decrease in FAZ size over visits was largest in the deep plexus. Our results demonstrate that OCTA can effectively be used to measure FAZ area in patients with DME, visualize qualitative changes in retinal vasculature, and visualize the segmentation levels at which these changes can be best appreciated. However, larger studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility of manual and pseudo-automated measuring techniques.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gill</LastName><ForeName>Aditya</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cole</LastName><ForeName>Emily D</ForeName><Initials>ED</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2341 2786</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.116068.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Novais</LastName><ForeName>Eduardo A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of S&#xe3;o Paulo, S&#xe3;o Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 0514 7202</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411249.b</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Louzada</LastName><ForeName>Ricardo N</ForeName><Initials>RN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ophthalmic Center Reference (CEROF), Federal University of Goi&#xe1;s, Goi&#xe2;nia, Brazil.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0001 2192 5801</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.411195.9</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Carlo</LastName><ForeName>Talisa</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duker</LastName><ForeName>Jay S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waheed</LastName><ForeName>Nadia K</ForeName><Initials>NK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baumal</LastName><ForeName>Caroline R</ForeName><Initials>CR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Witkin</LastName><ForeName>Andre J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</Affiliation><Identifier Source="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7531</Identifier><Identifier Source="GRID">grid.429997.8</Identifier></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Retina Vitreous</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101677897</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2056-9920</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetic macular edema (DME)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Foveal avascular zone (FAZ)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Optical coherence tomography (OCT)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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               <h2><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/28642823/Visualization-of-changes-in-the-foveal-avascular-zone-in-both-observed-and-treated-diabetic-macular-" >Visualization of changes in the foveal avascular zone in both observed and treated diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography.</a></h2>
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                <div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Aditya+Gill" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Aditya Gill</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Emily+D+Cole" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Emily D Cole</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Eduardo+A+Novais" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Eduardo A Novais</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Ricardo+N+Louzada" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Ricardo N Louzada</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Talisa+de+Carlo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Talisa de Carlo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jay+S+Duker" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jay S Duker</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Nadia+K+Waheed" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Nadia K Waheed</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Caroline+R+Baumal" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Caroline R Baumal</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Andre+J+Witkin" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Andre J Witkin</a></div>                   
                    <p class="mb-0 dark-color fz15 fw500 list-inline-item ml15 mb5-sm ml0-xs"><i class="flaticon-contract vam fz20 me-2"></i> Int J Retina Vitreous</p>
              
                   <p class="mb-0 dark-color fz15 fw500 list-inline-item mr15  mb5-sm ml0-xs"><i class="flaticon-place text-thm2 vam fz20 me-2"></i> New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, <a href='https://www.litmetric.com/search/Tufts+University%5BAffiliation%5D' style='text-decoration: underline'>Tufts University</a>, 800 Washington Street, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111 USA.</p>
                    
                     
                   <p class="mb-0 dark-color fz15 fw500 list-inline-item ml15 mb5-sm ml0-xs"><i class="flaticon-calendar vam fz20 me-2"></i> Published: June 2017</p>
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                   <p class="text mb30"><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: Central vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is commonly related to diabetic macular edema (DME). The objective of this study was to describe changes between consecutive visits on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in eyes with DME.<BR><BR><em>Methods</em>: 20 eyes from 14 patients with DME were imaged on 2 successive clinic visits separated by at least 1 month. The mean interval between visits was 3.2 months. The only intervention used was intravitreal anti-VEGF in 11 eyes; the others were observed over time without treatment. Two different readers measured FAZ area using a pseudo-automated tool in comparison to a manual tracing tool. Qualitative changes in the appearance of the vasculature surrounding the FAZ were also recorded. The retinal capillary plexus was segmented into deep and superficial plexuses, and FAZ measurements were done on the superficial, deep, and summated plexuses.<BR><BR><em>Results</em>: Pseudo-automated and manual measurements of FAZ area decreased significantly ( < 0.05) between visits in the deep, superficial, and summated plexuses. Qualitative analysis of vasculature surrounding the FAZ showed that most of the vascular changes (65%) over time were visible in the deep plexus, compared to 30 and 20% in the superficial and summated plexuses, respectively.<BR><BR><em>Conclusions</em>: The most significant differences in FAZ size over time were in the summated plexus ( < 0.001), while changes in FAZ appearance were most prominent in the deep plexus. Absolute decrease in FAZ size over visits was largest in the deep plexus. Our results demonstrate that OCTA can effectively be used to measure FAZ area in patients with DME, visualize qualitative changes in retinal vasculature, and visualize the segmentation levels at which these changes can be best appreciated. However, larger studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility of manual and pseudo-automated measuring techniques.</p><table class="table table-bordered table-striped downloadTable" >
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										  <div class="list-number">foveal avascular</div>
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