[The development of ideas about the organization of the speech system].

This work represents an insight into a problem of studying one of the higher mental functions of humans - speech, its primary role in the development of man as a biosocial being. Various concepts of speech and the problem of the dominance of cerebral hemispheres in language function are analyzed. It touched upon the ontogenesis of hemispheric asymmetry. The problem of 'codominance' of right and left hemispheres depending on the nature of the task solving by the subject and the functional level of information processing is discussed. The authors highlight that the problem has an interdisciplinary nature, it is marked at the junction of neurophysiology, neuropsychology, neurology and defectology.