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Nutritional consistency of macroalgae across a sea ice cover gradient along the Western Antarctic Peninsula.
J Phycol
January 2025
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon, USA.
Sea ice can profoundly influence photosynthetic organisms by altering subsurface irradiance, but it is susceptible to changes in the climate. The patterns and timing of sea ice cover can vary on a monthly to annual timescale in small sub-regions of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). During the latter part of the 20th century, sea ice coverage significantly decreased in the WAP, a trend that aligns with warming in this area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGender gap in surgical societies awards.
Surg Endosc
January 2025
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 800 Walnut St 20th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
Introduction: Despite remarkable progress, gender inequality in medicine remains a significant issue. This disparity extends beyond clinical practices and educational programs; it is also evident in the recognition and awards received by surgeons. Underrepresentation of women in Surgical Society awards is a multi-layered issue that needs a holistic approach since these awards are used to hire, promote, and advance surgeons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTNF/TNFR Superfamily Members in Costimulation of T Cell Responses-Revisited.
Annu Rev Immunol
January 2025
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; email:
Prosurvival tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (TNFRSF) members on T cells, including 4-1BB, CD27, GITR, and OX40, support T cell accumulation during clonal expansion, contributing to T cell memory. During viral infection, tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members on inflammatory monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) provide a postpriming signal (signal 4) for T cell accumulation, particularly in the tissues. Patients with loss-of-function mutations in TNFR/TNFSF members reveal a critical role for 4-1BB and CD27 in CD8 T cell control of Epstein-Barr virus and other childhood infections and of OX40 in CD4 T cell responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020.
World J Methodol
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, United States.
Background: While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.
Aim: To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.
Methods: Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States.
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