Is bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting a safe option for chronic dialysis patients?

Background: The use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting has been proposed for dialysis patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, primarily because of hypothetical long-term survival benefits.

Aims: To investigate the outcome of BITA grafting in dialysis patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the use of BITA grafting in 105 consecutive patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic dialysis in three European centres with extensive experience in BITA. Baseline patient characteristics, operative data, early postoperative complications and late survival were reviewed. Outcomes of patients from one of the three centres who underwent either BITA (n=40) or single internal thoracic artery (SITA) grafting (n=19) were also analysed; a one-to-one propensity score (PS)-matched analysis was performed.

Results: There were 19 (18.1%) hospital deaths. Despite differences in preoperative patient characteristics and surgical features, in each centre, hospital mortality was greater than the 75th percentile of expected operative risk (EuroSCORE II). Diseased ascending aorta and extracardiac arteriopathy were found to be predictors of hospital death (odds ratio 9.7; P=0.006) and complicated hospital course (odds ratio 2.54; P=0.035), respectively. The 7-year non-parametric estimates of freedom from all-cause death and cardiac or cerebrovascular death were 59% (95% confidence interval: 52.3-65.7%) and 75.6% (95% confidence interval: 71.2-80%), respectively. There were no significant differences in early and late outcomes between BITA and SITA PS-matched groups.

Conclusions: BITA grafting remains a risky operation for chronic dialysis patients, even when performed routinely. No long-term survival benefits for the use of BITA versus SITA were proven.