Patterns of use and factors associated with early discontinuation of opioids following major trauma.

Background: Inappropriate use of prescription opioids is a growing public-health issue. We sought to estimate the proportion of traumatic injury patients using legal prescription opioids up to 1-year after hospitalization.

Methods: We used 2006-2014 claims data from TRICARE insurance to identify adults hospitalized secondary to trauma between 2007 and 2013. Prescription opioid use was evaluated for one-year post-discharge. Risk-adjusted Cox Proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate predictors of opioid discontinuation.

Results: Only 1% of patients sustained legal prescription opioid use at 1-year following trauma. Lower socioeconomic status (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98) and higher injury severity (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.91) were associated with sustained use. Younger patients (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21) and Black patients (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15) were found to have a higher likelihood of opioid discontinuation.

Conclusions: In this population, adult patients who sustained trauma were not at high risk of sustained legal prescription opioid use.